Boethius
is blaming Fortuna for having left him: once he was a celebrated scholar
working at the court of Theodoric and esteemed by everyone. Now he is in prison
on charges of treason and waiting for his death penalty. Philosophia is
reproaching him for this: one should not rely on Fortuna as human life is
unstable. Take for instance the change of seasons: there is the warm-blowing western
wind (Zephyrus), the nebulous
southern wind (Auster) and the stormy
northern wind (Aquilo). Like the
seasons life of man is. One thing is certain (constat), that nothing is certain for human beings.
Boethius:
De Consolatione Philosophiae, book 2
p3 (second half) and m3
Dedisti,
ut opinor, uerba Fortunae dum te illa demulcet, dum te ut delicias suas fouet.
Munus quod nulli umquam priuato commodauerat abstulisti. Uisne igitur cum
Fortuna calculum ponere? Nunc te primum liuenti oculo praestrinxit. Si numerum
modumque laetorum tristiumue consideres, adhuc te felicem negare non possis.
Quodsi idcirco te fortunatum esse non aestimas, quoniam quae tunc laeta
uidebantur abierunt, non est quod te miserum putes, quoniam quae nunc creduntur
maesta praetereunt. An tu in hanc uitae scenam nunc primum subitus hospesque
uenisti? Ullamne humanis rebus inesse constantiam reris, cum ipsum saepe
hominem uelox hora dissoluat? Nam etsi rara est fortuitis manendi fides,
ultimus tamen uitae dies mors quaedam fortunae est etiam manentis. Quid igitur
referre putas tune illam moriendo deseras an te illa fugiendo?
verba do = laudo
demulceo: to touch softly
ut delicias suas: as her darling
munus… abstulisti: you carried off the prize (of meeting Lady
Philosphia.)
commodo: to grant
calculum ponere: to make up the bill
liuenti oculo praestrinxit: has touched you with a dark (i.e.
envying) eye
quodsi idcirco: but even if therefor
non est quod: there is no reason
vitae
scenum: the stage of life (life as a play on stage was – and is – a common
metaphor)
uelox hora: quickly running time
fortuitis manendi fides: (litt.) faith (In things) unstable of remaining. (Note
the reafliojnship between fortuitus and
Fortuna.)
ultimus tamen uitae dies mors quaedam fortunae
est etiam manentis:
that last day of your life is some kind of death of Fortuna, even if she is remaining
(all your life).
quid igitur referre: what difference does it make
(meter: sapphic
(uneven line) and glyconeus (even line)
- u
- x
- u u - u - -
x x - u u - u –
Cum polo Phoebus roseis quadrigis
Lucem
spargere coeperit,
Pallet
albentes hebetata uultus
Flammis
stella prementibus.
Cum
nemus flatu Zephyri tepentis
Uernis
inrubuit rosis,
Spiret
insanum nebulosus Auster,
Iam
spinis abeat decus.
Saepe
tranquillo radiat sereno
Immotis
mare fluctibus,
Saepe
feruentes Aquilo procellas
Uerso
concitat aequore.
Rara si
constat sua forma mundo,
Si
tantas uariat uices,
Crede
fortunis hominum caducis,
Bonis
crede fugacibus!
Constat
aeterna positumque lege est
Ut
constet genitum nihil.
polo: at the heaven
quadrigae: chariot drawn by 4 horses
palleo pallui: to
become pale
albentes hebetata uultus:
(the stars stella: collective
singular) becoming dim with regard to their white faces
Uernis inrubuit rosis: reddens through spring roses
insanum: adverb
spina: rose
(sub) tranquillo sereno (serenum: bright sky)
procella: storm
verso aequore: the
sea being whirled
vicis vicis (f.): change, condition
caducus: frail, transitory
aeterna lege
genitum: poetic gen. pl.
Translation
by H.R. James (1897):
—methinks
thou didst cozen Fortune while she caressed thee, and made thee her darling.
Thou didst bear off a boon which she had never before granted to any private
person. Art thou, then, minded to cast up a reckoning with Fortune? Now for the
first time she has turned a jealous glance upon thee. If thou compare the
extent and bounds of thy blessings and misfortunes, thou canst not deny that
thou art still fortunate. Or if thou esteem not thyself favoured by Fortune in
that thy then seeming prosperity hath departed, deem not thyself wretched,
since what thou now believest to be calamitous passeth also. What! art thou but
now come suddenly and a stranger to the scene of this life? Thinkest thou there
is any stability in human affairs, when man himself vanishes away in the swift
course of time? It is true that there is little trust that the gifts of chance
will abide; yet the last day of life is in a manner the death of all remaining
Fortune. What difference, then, thinkest thou, is there, whether thou leavest her
by dying, or she leave thee by fleeing away?'
SONG
III.
All
passes.
When, in
rosy chariot drawn,
Phœbus
'gins to light the dawn,
By his
flaming beams assailed,
Every
glimmering star is paled.
When the
grove, by Zephyrs fed,
With
rose-blossom blushes red;—
Doth
rude Auster breathe thereon,
Bare it
stands, its glory gone.
Smooth
and tranquil lies the deep
While
the winds are hushed in sleep.
Soon, when angry tempests lash,
Wild and
high the billows dash.
Thus if
Nature's changing face
Holds not
still a moment's space,
Fleeting
deem man's fortunes; deem
Bliss as
transient as a dream.
One law
only standeth fast:
Things
created may not last.
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