Monday, 23 March 2020

Landino: Xandra!


Christoforo Landino (1424 -1498) was professor of poetry and rhetoric at the University of Florence. He was a prolific writer and amongst his output are three books of poems for his love Xandra. This Xandra has the same status as for instance Cynthia and Corinna in Classical poetry: a literary construction rather than a real woman.
This poem starts with what is called with a German word a Natureingang (nature entrance). This is a well-known feature of mediaeval poetry evoking the coming of spring, but the meter is the classical Sapphic stanza. A further difference with mediaeval poetry is the explicit mention of a name, making this poem personal. Finally, nature is blossoming not because the time of the year, but because Xandra is visiting the poet and even the wolf will not attack other animals: where Xandra is, there is Arcadia.


     Nunc virent silvae, nemus omne frondet
     ridet et tellus variisque frontem
     floribus pingit, fugiuntque nubes
             montibus altis.

     Naiades laetas agitant choreas
     Gratiis passim Satyrisque mixtae
     et comas flavas religant corona
             versicolore.

     Concidunt venti, levis afflat aura ;
     parcit atque haedis lupus et capellis,
     Nostra dum celsas Faesulas frequentat
             candida Xandra.

     Nunc suos tristis Philomela luctus,
     immemor stupri simul et nepotis,
     ponit et versus modulans sonoros
             cantat amores.

   Gaudet et fructu segetis colonus
   horreum quaerens ubi farra condat,
   gaudet et Baccho nimium feraci
             vinitor uvae.

   Hos tamen montes mea si relinquat
   Xandra, si Tuscae revocetur urbi,
   arbores siccas videas et ipsa           
 flumina sicca.

vireo: to be green
nemus nemoris (n.): forest  
frondeo: to have leaves
tellus telluris (n.): earth
frons frontis (f.): head, face
pingo pinxi pictum: to paint
(ex) montibus altis
Naiades, Gratiae, Satyres: Nymphs, the three Graces (Beauty, Joy and Happiness) and Satyrs
agito choreas: to dance and sing (agito is a frequentative of ago, denoting a repeated action)
passim: everywhere
coma: hair
flavus: blond
religo (-are): to bind, fasten up
(in) corona
versicolor –oris: with various colours
concido concidi: to fall down, stop
afflo: to blow, breathe
parco peperci parsum (+ dat.): to spare
haedus: he-goat
capella: she-goat
celsus: high
Feasula = Fiesole (a town on a hill near Florence)
frequento (-are): to visit
candidus: bright
Philomela: nightingale (Philomela was an Athenian princess who was raped by Tereus, her brother in law, and turned into a nightingale. When her sister Procne found out what had happened, she killed the son she had with Tereus, Philomela’s nephew (nepos nepotis)
luctus –us (m.): grief, sorrow (ponit luctus: put down her sorrows)
immemor –oris (+ gen.): unmindful
stuprum: violation
modulor modulatus: (here) to whistle
sonorus: resounding
amores: lovesongs
seges segitis (f.): crop, cornfield
colonus: farmer
horreum: barn
far farris (n.): corn
condo condidi conditum: to store
baccho feraci uvae: in the abounding wine of his vine
nimium: exceedingly
vinitor –oris (m.): vine-dresser, cultivator
relinquo reliqui relictum: to leave, abandon
Tusca urbs: Florence
siccus: dry, arid

This is not a difficult poem, but a translation can be found here:


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