Saturday, 25 April 2015

Aulus Gellius: why Socrates could endure his wife and how Tarquinius came into the possession of the Sibylline books.



Aulus Gellius (125 - after 180 AD) was a Roman grammarian, antiquarian, philosopher and writer. He is hardly read anymore – I can’t remember having read anything from him before till now. In some respects he reminds of those 17th and 18th century writers who loved reading and displaying their knowledge in writing books: never original, but amusing to read. His only known work is the Noctes Atticae (Attic nights), called so because he started this work when he studied at Athens and started to write notes and extracts from the books he read during the evening. He is important because he often quotes from sources now lost. There is hardly any organisation in his book and Gellius delights in telling anecdotes – a major reason for reading his book. Take for instance the following story about why Socrates could endure his wife:


Aulus Gellius, book 1, XVII

1 Xanthippe, Socratis philosophi uxor, morosa admodum fuisse fertur et iurgiosa irarumque et molestiarum muliebrium per diem perque noctem scatebat. 2 Has eius intemperies in maritum Alcibiades demiratus interrogavit Socraten, quaenam ratio esset, cur mulierem tam acerbam domo non exigeret. 3 "Quoniam," inquit Socrates "cum illam domi talem perpetior, insuesco et exerceor, ut ceterorum quoque foris petulantiam et iniuriam facilius feram."

morosus: stubborn
iurgiosus: quarrelsome
molestia: trouble
muliebris: pertaining to a woman
scateo (+ gen.): to abound in
intemperies (f.): outrageous conduct
maritus: husband
demiror demiratus sum: to wonder
exigo exegi exactum: to drive out
illam talem: her being of that kind
perpetior perpessus sum: to suffer firmly
insuesco insuevi: to become used to
petulantia: freakishness


Two chapters further he tells about how the Sibylline books came into the possession of Tarquinius Superbus, the last king of Rome (534-509 BC): an old woman comes to him and offers nine books for a ridiculous high price. Tarquinius thinks he is crazy and refuses to buy. Then she burns three of the books and offers the remaining for the same price. Tarquinius still refuses and she burns another three. Now the king changes his mind, as somehow he feels that these books could be very important and agrees to buy the remaining three for the price originally asked. The old woman disappears never to be seen again. She was a Sibyl herself and according to tradition the Sibyl of Cumae.

XIX
1 In antiquis annalibus memoria super libris Sibyllinis haec prodita est: 2 Anus hospita atque incognita ad Tarquinium Superbum regem adiit novem libros ferens, quos esse dicebat divina oracula; eos velle venundare. 3 Tarquinius pretium percontatus est. Mulier nimium atque inmensum poposcit; 4 rex, quasi anus aetate desiperet, derisit. 5 Tum illa foculum coram cum igni apponit, tris libros ex novem deurit et, ecquid reliquos sex eodem pretio emere vellet, regem interrogavit. 6 Sed enim Tarquinius id multo risit magis dixitque anum iam procul dubio delirare. 7 Mulier ibidem statim tris alios libros exussit atque id ipsum denuo placide rogat, ut tris reliquos eodem illo pretio emat. 8 Tarquinius ore iam serio atque attentiore animo fit, eam constantiam confidentiamque non insuper habendam intellegit, libros tris reliquos mercatur nihilo minore pretio, quam quod erat petitum pro omnibus. 9 Sed eam mulierem tunc a Tarquinio digressam postea nusquam loci visam constitit. 10 Libri tres in sacrarium conditi "Sibyllini" appellati; 11 ad eos quasi ad oraculum quindecimviri adeunt, cum di immortales publice consulendi sunt.

anus: old woman
hospita: as guest
venundo: to sell
percontor percontatus sum: to inquire
posco poposci: to demand
desipio: to act foolishly
foculum: fire-pan
coram (adv.): in front, nearby
deuro deussi deustum: to burn completely
ecquid: whether
emo emi emptus: to sell
enim id multo risit magis: laughed at this even much more
procul dubio: without doubt
denuo: anew
placide: calmly
ore serio: with a serious face
non insuper: not to disregard (litt. `not above, not in excess’)
mercor: to buy
constitit eam: it is agreed that she
sacrarium: shrine (in the temple of Juno)
quindecimviri: the fifteen men appointed to consult the Sibylline books)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibyl

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