Priapea 9 and 10: not an easy job.

It is autumn and as if nature has been waiting for it, temperatures have dropped by ten degrees.  I love autumn: it is the period of mushrooms, cobwebs, the smell of decaying leaves in a wood and of gnomes. One such gnome is Priapus, the father of all garden gnomes. Priapus is known for his outstanding mentula (prick) and to be honest, this must be an awkward position. I at least would feel uncomfortable standing so in my garden or even worse, the garden of someone else.  Priapus must have had feeling too and in 9 he defends himself by pointing out that every god is depicted with his specific weapon. A valid argument, I think.

However, there are more problems: not all statues of Priapus are made of marble or cut from wood with an artistic hand. No, many must have been roughly cut by farmers without any aesthetic feeling This has happened to the Priapus of poem 10. He was so badly carved that that his maker had to explain to him who he actually was: tu Priapus esto! And there you are: standing in the garden with a clumsy stick as an object of male pride. And if that is not enough, a girl is making fun of you and your glory. Now that is really awkward and a true nightmare!  No, it isn’t always easy to be a Priapus.

Priapea

[IX] eleagic

Cur obscaena mihi pars sit sine veste, requirens ?

quaere, tegat nullus cur sua tela deus.

fulmen habens mundi dominus tenet illud aperte;

nec datur aequoreo fuscina tecta deo.

nec Mavors illum, per quem valet, occulit ensem;

nec latet in tepido Palladis hasta sinu.

num pudet auratas Phoebum portare sagittas?

clamne solet pharetram ferre Diana suam?

num tegit Alcides nodosae robora clavae?

sub tunica virgam num deus ales habet?

quis Bacchum gracili vestem praetendere thyrso,

quis te celata cum face vidit, Amor?

nec mihi sit crimen, quod mentula semper aperta est:

hoc mihi si telum desit, inermis ero.

requiro: to find out, inquire

quaero: to ask

tego texi tectum: to cover

telum: missile, weapon

dominus mundi: Jove

aperte: openly, unconcealed

fuscina: trident

aequoreo deo: sea god = Neptune

Mavors: old name for Mars

valeo: to be strong

occulo: to cover

ensis –is: sword

tepidus: lukewarm

sinus –us (m.): bosom

pudet (+ acc.): it shames someone

auratas sagittas:  gilded arrows

clam: secretly

pharetra: quiver

Alcides = Hercules

nodosus:  knotty

robur roboris (n.): oak wood

virga : twig

deus ales: winged god = Mercury

gracili vestem praetendere thyrso: putting  his cloak over his tender staff

celate face: with covered torch

inermis: unarmed

[X] (hendecasyllabic)

Insulsissima quid puella rides?

non me Praxiteles Scopasve fecit,

non sum Phidiaca manu politus;

sed lignum rude vilicus dolavit

et dixit mihi 'tu Priapus esto'.

spectas me tamen et subinde rides:

nimirum tibi salsa res videtur

adstans inguinibus columna nostris.

insulsus: without salt = tasteless = silly, course (opposite of salsus: salted, witty, funny)

Praxiteles and Scopas and Phidias were famous Greek sculptors, Phidias was an expert in the use of ivory.

polio: to polish

vilicus: farmer

dolo: to hack out, hew

subinde: continually

inguen –inis (m.): groin, lower part of the body, privy parts (plural)

columna: column,  pillar

Translation by Leonard C. Smithers (1890)

(By far the best translation is by W.H. Parker, but this is not on line, so I have to copy this one. Hilarious is the use of mentule . mentula is a slang word and must be translated as such.)

Why are my privy parts without vesture? you demand. I ask why no God conceals his emblem? The Lord of the World [Jupiter] has his thunderbolt, and holds it unconcealed; nor is a covered trident given to the God of the Sea [Neptune]. Mars does not secrete the sword by whose means he prevails; nor does Pallas's spear lie hid in the warm bosom of her robe. Is Phoebus ashamed to carry his golden arrows? Is Diana wont to bear her quiver secretly? Does Alcides conceal the strength of his knotted club? Has the winged God [Mercury] his caduceus under his tunic? Who has seen Bacchus draw his garment over the slender thyrsus; or thee, O Love, with hidden torch? Nor should it be a reproach to me that my mentule is always uncovered. For if this spear be wanting to me, I am weaponless.

Why, most foolish girl, do you laugh? Neither Praxiteles nor Scopas has given me shape, nor have I been perfected by the hand of Phidias; but a bailiff carved me from a shapeless log, and said to me, 'You are Priapus!' Yet you gaze at me, and laugh repeatedly. Doubtless it seems to you a droll thing--the 'column' standing upright from my groin.

A strong warning against garden thieves!

When you open a modern edition of Catullus, you will notice that the poem 18-20 are lacking. Although these poems form part of the manuscript tradition of Catullus, scholars don’t regard them as genuine since the last hundred years or so. The fact that the same poems also appear in some manuscripts of the Appendix Virgiliana shows that ancient scholars and editors were also puzzled about the authorship of these poems. This poem was nuber 20 in the old editions pf Catullus.

They belong to so-called Priapeia, sometimes slightly or more than slightly obscene poems put in the mouth of Priapus, often not without a touch of humour. Priapus is the predecessor of the modern garden gnome and thanks to some mischievous friends I am now the proud owner of two of these creatures. Alas, they don’t have that mentula to ward of robbers…

Priapic poems were hung or inscribed on statues of Priapus. They contained warnings against thieves and passers-by (viatores) not to take away anything.

The owner of this Priapus is clearly not so well off, as the statue is made of poplar wood and this Priapus explicitly tells us. This does not prevent him from being self-conscious: look at the anaphoric ego and mihi.

Meter: trimester iambic (i.e. 3 feet of each two iambs. The very first iamb can be replaced by an anapaest and the initial short position of each foot can be replaced by a long position.)

Ego haec ego arte fabricata rustica,

ego arida, o viator, ecce populus

agellulum hunc, sinistra, tute quem vides,

herique villulam, hortulumque pauperis

5             tuor, malasque furis arceo manus.

Mihi corolla picta vero ponitur:

mihi rubens arista sole fervido:

mihi virente dulcis uva pampino:

mihique glauca duro oliva frigore.

10          Meis capella delicata pascuis

in urbem adulta lacte portat ubera:

meisque pinguis agnus ex ovilibus

gravem domum remittit aere dexteram:

tenerque, matre mugiente, vaccula

15          deum profundit ante templa sanguinem.

Proin, viator, hunc Deum vereberis,

manumque sorsum habebis: hoc tibi expedit.

Parata namque crux, sine arte mentula.

               Velim pol, inquis: at pol ecce, villicus

20          venit: valente cui revulsa brachio

fit ista mentula apta clava dexterae.

Ego…tuor (= tueor): I guard (the accusatives  are the objects of this verb)

ego haec fabricata rustica arida populus

aridus: dry

populus (f.): poplar

agellulus: a very small field (diminutive of ager)

sinistra: at your left

tute: emphatic tu (a better reading is sinistra et ante: at your left and behind

herus/erus: master

villula: small villa

arceo arcui: to protect

fur furis (m.): thief

The four lines staring with mihi describe the four seasons, starting with spring.

corolla: small garland

ponitur goes with all the clauses

arista: ear of grain

pampinus: a foliage of vine

glauca oliva: bright olive oil (oliva is plura. Another and perhaps better reading is mihi coacta oliva: thickened (by the cold) olive oil. The adjective glaucus is quite rare.)

capella: she-goat (diminutive of caper)

pascuum: pasture

adulta lacte ubera: udders full with milk

meis pinguis ex ovillibus: from my fat sheep pastures (oville)

gravem domum remittit aere dexteram: brings home the right hand (of the master) heavy with money

matre mugiente: while the mother is lowing

vaccula: heifer

deum = deorum

profundo profudi profusum: to pour out

proin = proinde: hence

vereor veritus sum: to respect (the future, like the next one, is used as an imperative.)

manumque sorsum habebis:  and have your hand up! (implying that the hand of the viator was already down for picking some fruit.)

hoc tibi expedit: this is profitable for you (or if we take it with the next sentence: this is prepared for you.

Parata namque crux, sine arte mentula: my artless male organ is ready to serve as your cross (or `as your punishment’)

pol = edepol: by Pollux

villicus: tenant of a farm, but maybe here just the farmer

valente brachio: in his strong arm

revello revelli revulsum: to tear out

clava: club (apta clava is apposition to mentula)

dexterae (manui)

Translations: the Metrical Part by Capt. Sir Richard F. Burton, R.C.M.G.,F.R.G.S., etc., etc., etc., and the Prose Portion by Leonard C. Smithers

To Priapus.

I thuswise fashionèd by rustic art

And from dried poplar-trunk (O traveller!) hewn,

This fieldlet, leftwards as thy glances fall,

And my lord's cottage with his pauper garth

Protect, repelling thieves' rapacious hands.

In spring with vari-coloured wreaths I'm crown'd,

In fervid summer with the glowing grain,

Then with green vine-shoot and the luscious bunch,

And glaucous olive-tree in bitter cold.

The dainty she-goat from my pasture bears

Her milk-distended udders to the town:

Out of my sheep-cotes ta'en the fatted lamb

Sends home with silver right-hand heavily charged;

And, while its mother lows, the tender calf

Before the temples of the Gods must bleed.

Hence of such Godhead, (traveller!) stand in awe,

Best it befits thee off to keep thy hands.

Thy cross is ready, shaped as artless yard;

"I'm willing, 'faith" (thou say'st) but 'faith here comes

The boor, and plucking forth with bended arm

Makes of this tool a club for doughty hand.

I, O traveller, shaped with rustic art from a dry poplar, guard this little field which thou seest on the left, and the cottage and small garden of its indigent owner, and keep off the greedy hands of the robber. In spring a many-tinted wreath is placed upon me; in summer's heat ruddy grain; [in autumn] a luscious grape cluster with vine-shoots, and in the bitter cold the pale-green olive. The tender she-goat bears from my pasture to the town milk-distended udders; the well-fattened lamb from my sheepfolds sends back [its owner] with a heavy handful of money; and the tender calf, 'midst its mother's lowings, sheds its blood before the temple of the Gods. Hence, wayfarer, thou shalt be in awe of this God, and it will be profitable to thee to keep thy hands off. For a punishment is prepared—a roughly-shaped mentule. "Truly, I am willing," thou sayest; then, truly, behold the farmer comes, and that same mentule plucked from my groin will become an apt cudgel in his strong right hand.

 

Terracotta statuette of Priapus, Turkey.